A new study has found that a protein called hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is behind the mechanism that extends lifespan by dietary restriction.

The protein also plays a key role in tumor formation, oxygen metabolism and inflammation, and scientists from the Buck Institute for Age Research have shown that HIF-1 is involved in a molecular pathway known to regulate cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors.

The research used nematode worms that were genetically altered to both under and over-express HIF-1. The animals were fed different diets, and the scientists observed those that were designed to over-express HIF-1 did not get the benefit of lifespan extension even though their diets were restricted.

Animals that under-expressed HIF-1 lived longer, even when they had a nutrient-rich diet.

“The data in this study points to HIF-1 as a likely target for regulating the protective effects of dietary restriction in mammals,” says Dr Pankaj Kapahi, lead author of the study.

“Dietary restriction is one of the most robust methods for extending lifespan and delaying age-related disease among various species,” he adds.

Those who are looking for a new dietary regime may benefit from the alkaline diet which is rich in citrus fruits, vegetables and nuts and may preserve bone health into old age.