Two publications on older men’s health and sexual performance have concluded that proper diet and exercise are better than pharmacological treatments.

According to Phoenix-based Kronos Longevity Research Institute (KLRI), a review of available research suggests testosterone replacement therapies have minimal or no benefits in terms of health or aging.

It was previously believed to provide modest increases in lean body mass, muscle mass and a decrease of fat mass, but KLRI has concluded it is unnecessary for those with testosterone levels in the normal or low-normal range.

Instead, the institute recommends a simpler and more natural approach, namely regular physical activity and a healthy diet. It says men who exercise, consume five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day, maintain a healthy weight and do not smoke can reduce their mortality rate and lower the risk for cardiovascular disease by up to 35 percent after four years.

Those searching for the right diet may consider the alkaline diet. It is rich in citrus fruits, vegetables, tubers, nuts and legumes, and has the added benefit of boosting bone health into old age.